This Phase I clinical trial, sponsored by Sichuan University, investigates the safety and tolerability of PD-1 knockout engineered T cells in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who have progressed after standard treatments. The market for NSCLC therapies is significant, with increasing demand for innovative immunotherapies. The competitive landscape includes established immune checkpoint inhibitors like pembrolizumab and nivolumab. Successful outcomes could position this therapy as a novel treatment option, potentially leading to partnerships or licensing opportunities. Diligence should focus on regulatory pathways, manufacturing scalability, and the trial's safety profile to assess commercial viability.