This Phase 2 trial, led by Dr. Sawa Ito at the University of Pittsburgh, aims to evaluate the efficacy of IFN-γ in combination with donor leukocyte infusion (DLI) for patients with relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) post-allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT). The study addresses a significant unmet medical need in a high-risk patient population with limited treatment options. If successful, this regimen could establish a new standard of care and open avenues for additional indications of IFN-γ in the context of alloSCT. The competitive landscape includes existing therapies for AML/MDS, but the unique mechanism of action and potential for improved patient outcomes may position this therapy favorably in the market. Diligence should focus on the trial's recruitment progress and the regulatory landscape surrounding IFN-γ.