This Phase I trial, sponsored by Roswell Park Cancer Institute, explores the combination of lenalidomide and cytarabine in patients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The trial's completion in June 2019 indicates a potential pathway for lenalidomide's expanded use beyond its current indications, particularly in hematological malignancies. Given the high unmet need in relapsed/refractory AML and the limited effective therapies available, successful outcomes could position this combination as a competitive treatment option. The collaboration with Celgene Corporation, a significant player in the oncology space, may enhance commercial viability and facilitate further development. Stakeholders should monitor the results for efficacy and safety to assess market entry strategies.